A new way to identify a rare tipe of earthquake in time to issue lifesaving tsunami warnings

 The most recent tsunami earthquake happened in 2010. A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the Mentawai Islands in Indonesia set off a tsunami that was over 50 feet in height in some places - much greater than seismologists would predict based just on the earthquake's size. 509 people were killed, and 15,000 more were displaced or left homeless. Situs Togel Terpercaya

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Tsunami earthquakes are particularly destructive and dangerous because the massive tsunami waves can hit local coastal communities within just five to 15 minutes - before officials can issue a warning. But based on our analysis of previously unavailable closeup observations of the 2010 Mentawai {moment|even|momen}, my colleagues and I think there is a way to determine that an {moment|even|momen} is a tsunami earthquake in time to warn people that an unexpectedly large wave is on the way.


Earthquakes under the ocean

The Earth's surface is made up of floating tectonic plates that {bugar|sehat} together like a slightly imperfect jigsaw puzzle. These plates are moving next to, under or away from each other.



An earthquake along a subduction {zona|area} happens when the leading edge of the overriding plate breaks free and springs seaward, raising the seafloor and the water above it. This uplift starts a tsunami. USGS

In a subduction {zona|area}, one tectonic plate is sinking beneath another. This builds up stresses over time and will {moment|even|momen}ually create an earthquake. Most {distinctive|characteristic} subduction-zone earthquakes occur roughly 10 to 30 miles down, in an {tempat|ruang|ruangan} where the rocks are rigid and strong on the fault between the two tectonic plates.


Meanwhile, the shallowest {tempat|ruang|ruangan} of a subduction {zona|area}, closest to the seafloor, is made up of soft sediments that are not very strong. Earthquakes rarely occur only here, because stresses mostly don't build up in these soft, weak rocks.


Geoscientists define an earthquake's overall size with its magnitude. Earthquake magnitude describes how much "work" is accomplished by the earthquake moving the fault - more work for either more movement, or for moving more rigid rock.


Very large earthquakes, like the magnitude 9 Tohoku earthquake in Japan in 2011, are so big that they break the deeper part of the subduction {zona|area}, but also continue upwards to break the shallow part of a subduction {zona|area}. This rapid earthquake motion moves the seafloor and creates a tsunami.

Lokasi: Indonesia

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